doc/build/license.html - view

File: [LON-CAPA] / doc / build / Attic / license.html
Revision 1.6: download - view: text, annotated - select for diffs
Wed Jul 31 18:23:24 2002 UTC (21 years, 11 months ago) by harris41
Branches: MAIN
CVS tags: version_0_5_1, version_0_5, HEAD

linking to a comparative article about Linux-UNIX-OS/X

1: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" 2: "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 3:  4: <html> 5: <head> 6: <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></meta> 7: <title>The Gift that Keeps on Giving</title> 8:  9:  10: </head> 11: <body bgcolor='#ffffff'> 12:  13:   14: <table> 15: <tr><td> 16: 17: 18: GNU General Public License 19: 20: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html 21: 22: 23: (shown below) 24: 25: </td> 26: <td width='80'></td> 27: <td> 28: <table> 29: <tr><td> 30: 31: 32: Freeware and the free Linux operating system mean better 33: features, better support, and a 34: more reliable future for your institution's educational 35: mission. 36: 37: Learn more about freeware and many other freeware success stories 38: [<a href="http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Linux/Personal_Pages/">A</a>] 39: [<a href="http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html">B</a>] 40: [<a href="http://www.linuxworld.com/site-stories/2002/0724.macx.html">C</a>] 41: [<a href="http://www.linux.org/info/advocacy.html">D</a>] 42: [<a href="http://www.opensource.org/advocacy/case_for_business.html">E</a>] 43: [<a href="http://freshmeat.net/">F</a>] 44: [<a href="http://sourceforge.net/">G</a>] 45: [<a href="http://www.oreilly.com/">H</a>] 46: [<a href="http://www.redhat.com/about/success/">I</a>] 47: [<a href="http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/toc.html">J</a>] 48: 49: 50: </td></tr></table> 51: </td></tr></table> 52:   53:  54:  55: <pre> 56: GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 57: Version 2, June 1991 58: 59: Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 60: 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA 61: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 62: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 63: 64: Preamble 65: 66: The licenses for most software are designed to take away your 67: freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public 68: License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free 69: software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This 70: General Public License applies to most of the Free Software 71: Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to 72: using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by 73: the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to 74: your programs, too. 75: 76: When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not 77: price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you 78: have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for 79: this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it 80: if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it 81: in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. 82: 83: To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid 84: anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. 85: These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you 86: distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. 87: 88: For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether 89: gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that 90: you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the 91: source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their 92: rights. 93: 94: We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and 95: (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, 96: distribute and/or modify the software. 97: 98: Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain 99: that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free 100: software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we 101: want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so 102: that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original 103: authors' reputations. 104: 105: Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software 106: patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free 107: program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the 108: program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any 109: patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. 110: 111: The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and 112: modification follow. 113: 114: GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 115: TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 116: 117: 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains 118: a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed 119: under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, 120: refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" 121: means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: 122: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, 123: either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another 124: language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in 125: the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". 126: 127: Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not 128: covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of 129: running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program 130: is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the 131: Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). 132: Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 133: 134: 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's 135: source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you 136: conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate 137: copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the 138: notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; 139: and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License 140: along with the Program. 141: 142: You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and 143: you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 144: 145: 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion 146: of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and 147: distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 148: above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: 149: 150: a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices 151: stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. 152: 153: b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in 154: whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any 155: part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third 156: parties under the terms of this License. 157: 158: c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively 159: when run, you must cause it, when started running for such 160: interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an 161: announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a 162: notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide 163: a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under 164: these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this 165: License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but 166: does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on 167: the Program is not required to print an announcement.) 168: 169: These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If 170: identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, 171: and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in 172: themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those 173: sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you 174: distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based 175: on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of 176: this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the 177: entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. 178: 179: Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest 180: your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to 181: exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or 182: collective works based on the Program. 183: 184: In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program 185: with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of 186: a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under 187: the scope of this License. 188: 189: 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, 190: under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of 191: Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: 192: 193: a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable 194: source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 195: 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, 196: 197: b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three 198: years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your 199: cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete 200: machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be 201: distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium 202: customarily used for software interchange; or, 203: 204: c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer 205: to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is 206: allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you 207: received the program in object code or executable form with such 208: an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) 209: 210: The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for 211: making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source 212: code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any 213: associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to 214: control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a 215: special exception, the source code distributed need not include 216: anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary 217: form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the 218: operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component 219: itself accompanies the executable. 220: 221: If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering 222: access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent 223: access to copy the source code from the same place counts as 224: distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not 225: compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 226: 227: 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program 228: except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt 229: otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is 230: void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. 231: However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under 232: this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such 233: parties remain in full compliance. 234: 235: 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not 236: signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or 237: distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are 238: prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by 239: modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the 240: Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and 241: all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying 242: the Program or works based on it. 243: 244: 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the 245: Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the 246: original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to 247: these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further 248: restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. 249: You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to 250: this License. 251: 252: 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent 253: infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), 254: conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 255: otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 256: excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot 257: distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 258: License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you 259: may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent 260: license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by 261: all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then 262: the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to 263: refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. 264: 265: If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under 266: any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to 267: apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other 268: circumstances. 269: 270: It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any 271: patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any 272: such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the 273: integrity of the free software distribution system, which is 274: implemented by public license practices. Many people have made 275: generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed 276: through that system in reliance on consistent application of that 277: system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing 278: to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot 279: impose that choice. 280: 281: This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to 282: be a consequence of the rest of this License. 283: 284: 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in 285: certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the 286: original copyright holder who places the Program under this License 287: may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding 288: those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among 289: countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates 290: the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 291: 292: 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions 293: of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 294: be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 295: address new problems or concerns. 296: 297: Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program 298: specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any 299: later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions 300: either of that version or of any later version published by the Free 301: Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of 302: this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software 303: Foundation. 304: 305: 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free 306: programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author 307: to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free 308: Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes 309: make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals 310: of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and 311: of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. 312: 313: NO WARRANTY 314: 315: 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY 316: FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN 317: OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES 318: PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED 319: OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 320: MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS 321: TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE 322: PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, 323: REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 324: 325: 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 326: WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR 327: REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, 328: INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING 329: OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED 330: TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY 331: YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER 332: PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE 333: POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 334: 335: END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 336: 337: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 338: 339: If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 340: possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 341: free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 342: 343: To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 344: to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 345: convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 346: the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 347: 348: <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> 349: Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> 350: 351: This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 352: it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 353: the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 354: (at your option) any later version. 355: 356: This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 357: but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 358: MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 359: GNU General Public License for more details. 360: 361: You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 362: along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 363: Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA 364: 365: 366: Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 367: 368: If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this 369: when it starts in an interactive mode: 370: 371: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author 372: Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 373: This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 374: under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 375: 376: The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 377: parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may 378: be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be 379: mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. 380: 381: You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your 382: school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if 383: necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: 384: 385: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program 386: `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. 387: 388: <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 389: Ty Coon, President of Vice 390: 391: This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into 392: proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may 393: consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the 394: library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General 395: Public License instead of this License. 396: </pre> 397:  398:  399: </body> 400: </html>